The simplest method of applying preload is to use a wave spring. The spring acts on the outer ring of one of the two bearings. This outer ring must be able to be axially displaced. In the diagram ...

Thermal effects can increase or decrease bolt load and clamping capability. Measuring the angle of nut rotation can sometimes be used to gage preload. Modeling the ...

Spindles designed for machine tool applications, such as milling, grinding and turning, require the bearings to be set in preload to meet speed, stiffness and accuracy requirements. More importantly, ...