Phalloplasty Surgery - Understanding the Different Types of Phalloplasty

A 2018 preclinical study used 11 female mongrel dogs as a model for dynamic penile corpora cavernosa reconstruction. The objective was to create a one-stage, prosthesis-free neophallus using bilateral innervated gracilis muscles to mimic erectile function. Surgeons dissected and transferred the gracilis muscles (preserving neurovascular pedicles), formed a neourethra with a skin flap, and wrapped it in an abdominal flap for the neo-phallus. Results showed successful erection-like contractions vi